More about Surface Treatment: Polishing

author: YITECH

2024-10-14

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Polishing process is a processing process used to improve the surface finish and gloss of objects. Grinding tools and abrasives are usually used to process the surface of the object to remove the roughness and uneven surface, so that the surface becomes smooth and bright.

Polishing process can be applied to metal, plastic, glass, stone and other materials processing, common polishing process including mechanical polishing, chemical polishing and electrolytic polishing, ultrasonic polishing, etc., of course, there are other polishing methods, here will introduce you four types of polishing, these processes can be based on different materials and requirements, choose the appropriate method and process parameters for processing, To achieve the desired effect.

Polishing process has been widely used in industrial manufacturing, home decoration, automobile manufacturing and other fields.

Polishing refers to the use of mechanical, chemical or electrochemical action to reduce the surface roughness of the workpiece in order to obtain a bright, flat surface processing method.

① Mechanical polishing

Mechanical polishing is a processing technology that uses mechanical equipment to grind and polish the surface of an object.

This process is usually used for the surface treatment of metals, glass, plastics and other materials to improve their appearance and texture. Mechanical polishing is usually carried out by grinding machines, polishing machines and other equipment. These devices are equipped with abrasives and abrasives that grind and polish the surface of an object by means of rotation or vibration, thereby removing imperfections and roughness from the surface and making it smooth. In the mechanical polishing process, abrasives of different particle sizes are usually used, first coarse grinding and then fine grinding, in order to gradually make the surface reach the desired smoothness and brightness. In addition, abrasive tools with different shapes and materials, such as grinding wheels and polishing brushes, can also be used to achieve accurate polishing of objects with different shapes and materials. Mechanical polishing process is widely used in manufacturing parts processing, automotive parts surface treatment, furniture, jewelry and other products surface treatment, as well as building decoration materials processing and other fields. This process can not only improve the appearance and texture of the object, but also improve its corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and extend the service life.

② Chemical polishing

Chemical polishing is a process that uses chemical methods to polish and treat the surface of an object.

Compared with mechanical polishing, chemical polishing does not require the use of mechanical equipment, but the surface of the object is treated by chemical agents, so as to achieve the effect of polishing and improving the surface quality. The process of chemical polishing usually includes the following steps:

1. Cleaning: First of all, the surface of the object is cleaned to remove oil, dust and other impurities on the surface to ensure that the subsequent chemical treatment can be effectively carried out.

2. Chemical treatment: Apply or soak specific chemical agents on the surface of the object, which can include acidic, alkaline or solutions containing specific chemical components. These agents can dissolve surface oxides, rust, oxide and other impurities, while also carrying out microscopic chemical changes on the surface, making it more smooth and uniform.

3. Neutralization and cleaning: After chemical treatment, it is necessary to neutralize the surface of the object, and clean and remove the residual chemical agents to prevent adverse effects on the object.

4. Polishing and bright treatment: Finally, the surface of the object can be polished and bright treatment to improve the surface finish and brightness. Chemical polishing process is often used for the surface treatment of metal, glass, plastic and other materials, especially for complex shapes or internal structure is not easy to deal with objects, chemical polishing can better achieve surface treatment and improvement. This process has a wide range of applications in manufacturing, electronic industry, medical device manufacturing and other fields. The core problem of chemical polishing is the preparation of polishing liquid.

③Electrolytic polishing

Electrolytic polishing is a process that uses the principle of electrochemistry to polish and treat the metal surface.

This process is usually applied to the surface treatment of metal products to improve their finish, brightness and surface quality.The basic principle of electrolytic polishing is to use the electrochemical reaction between the electrolyte in the electrolyte and the metal surface to dissolve the uneven part of the metal surface under the action of the current, so as to achieve the polishing and improvement of the metal surface. The process of electrolytic polishing usually includes the following steps:

1. Pretreatment: First of all, the metal products are cleaned and oiled to ensure that the metal surface is clean and free of impurities.

2. Electrolyte preparation: Choose the appropriate electrolyte, usually containing acidic or alkaline electrolyte, which contains organic or inorganic compounds, as well as the appropriate electrolyte. These electrolytes can dissolve oxides, rust and other impurities on the metal surface, and also carry out microscopic electrochemical reactions on the metal surface to make it smoother.

3. Electrolytic polishing: the metal products as an anode or cathode immersed in the electrolyte, through the external current to make the metal surface electrochemical reaction, dissolve the surface of the uneven part, so as to achieve polishing and improve the surface quality.

4. Neutralization and cleaning: After electrolytic polishing, it is necessary to neutralize the metal surface, and clean to remove the residual electrolyte and impurities to prevent adverse effects on metal products. Electrolytic polishing process can achieve efficient polishing and improvement of metal surface, but also improve the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the surface. This process has been widely used in the manufacturing of metal products, electronics industry, auto parts manufacturing and other fields.

④ Ultrasonic polishing

Ultrasonic polishing is a surface polishing process using ultrasonic vibration.

In the ultrasonic polishing process, the workpiece is placed in the polishing liquid, and then through the high-frequency vibration generated by the ultrasonic generator, the particles in the polishing liquid and the workpiece surface interact, so as to achieve the polishing and cleaning of the surface.

Ultrasonic polishing has the following advantages:

High efficiency: the high-frequency vibration of ultrasonic can make the particles in the polishing liquid quickly impact the surface of the workpiece, accelerate the polishing process, and improve the surface quality of the workpiece.

Uniformity: Ultrasonic vibration can make the particles in the polishing liquid evenly distributed on the surface of the workpiece, so as to achieve a more uniform polishing effect.

Cleaning: Ultrasonic polishing can effectively remove the dirt and oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece, improve the cleanliness and finish of the surface.

Ultrasonic polishing is widely used in metal, plastic, glass and other materials surface polishing and cleaning, is an efficient, precise polishing process.